Which group membership is modified to allow passwords for Branch4-RODC account replication?

The correct answer is the "Allowed RODC Password Replication Group." This group is specifically designed to manage which accounts can have their passwords replicated to a Read-Only Domain Controller (RODC). When a RODC is deployed in a branch office or a less secure location, it does not store passwords for all users, which enhances security. By modifying the membership of the Allowed RODC Password Replication Group, administrators can explicitly allow specific accounts whose passwords need to be replicated to that RODC.

This mechanism is crucial for maintaining security while still enabling necessary access for users who require it in branch offices. The ability to control password replication to RODCs means that organizations can balance security with usability without exposing the entire directory.

Other groups mentioned, such as universal groups, domain local groups, or global security groups, do not serve this specific function. They have broader scopes and are associated with permissions and roles within the Active Directory structure but do not handle RODC password replication directly. Therefore, focusing on the Allowed RODC Password Replication Group is essential for addressing the requirements of RODC operations effectively.